Types of Life Insurance - An Overview

Knowledge of the types of life insurance availablefurther evidence of insurability.e) Refundable term
can help you avoid buyer's remorse. There areplans - These are usually the most expensive
myriad life plans that are designed to suit differenttype of term insurance. The idea is that if the
needs. The primary division of life insurance plansplan attains maturity, the accumulated premiums
is permanent versus temporary. From this, lifepaid would be refunded to the policy owner
policies are structured differently according to(without interest). The utility of this type of term
factors like premium rates and supplementaryinsurance is dubious.
benefits offered.Permanent life insurance plans are arguably more
Term life plans exist either for a specific numbervaried than term plans. They are divided into
of years or until the insured attains a certain age.whole life and universal life plans. Upon death of
Term plans do not bear cash values. They arethe insured, the sum assured and/or net cash
not to be confused with endowment insurancevalue is paid to the beneficiaries or estate of the
that is designed to provide either a death benefitinsured. In the case of maturity, the net cash
before maturity or an endowment upon maturity.value will be given to the policy owner. Typically,
Permanent life insurance could remain in force forinsurers offer more optional supplementary
the lifetime of the insured (typically up to agebenefits on permanent life insurance.a) Whole life:
100). These plans bear cash values that areCash values build in Whole Life plans after two to
referred to as a "living benefit".three years generally. This type of life insurance
Term plans are quite varied and branch out into acan be distinguished according to premium
number of forms:a) Level term life insurance -payment periods or inclusion of dividends. Not all
This is probably the most commonly used termwhole life plans are the same.b) Universal life: The
plan. This type of life insurance has a level deathkey dichotomy where this type is concerned is
benefit for a specific period of time. A levelvariable versus fixed. Fixed plans operate with
premium is normally associated with this type ofdeclared interest rates while variable UL plans
term plan.b) Variable term plans - These plans canhave fluctuating cash values and death benefits
either have an increasing or decreasing deathbased on returns from a mutual fund
benefit. With increasing term plans, the deathinvestment-type. Some Universal plans have level
benefit is incrementally increased by specifiedpremiums while other use increasing premiums.
amounts over the period. A premium increaseAn important point to note is that universal life
usually accompanies the change in death benefit.plans accrue interest from policy inception. This is
With decreasing term life, the opposite happens.a key difference between universal life plans and
These term plans are useful for mortgage andwhole life. Another key difference is that universal
family income coverage.c) Renewable term lifelife plans are more flexible than their whole life
plans - These can be renewed or extended oncounterpart.
maturity. Renewable plans usually haveWhatever type of life insurance is chosen, it must
guaranteed insurability embedded in the contract.suit your needs. It is important to keep in mind
However, the premium changes to match thethat life insurance plans differ not only in terms of
longevity risk of the insured at maturity.d)the type. For example, two insurers can offer the
Convertible term insurance - Some term plans aresame type of plan with different stipulations and
renewable in the sense that they can beoptional supplementary benefits. This merely
converted before maturity. In most cases, thisempowers informed clients to select plans best
can be done without the insured having to providesuited to their circumstances.